The Manhatten Project essays

The Manhatten Project papers There are numerous individuals who trust Japan shelled pearl harbor since they felt undermined when the US spread its impact over the Philippines. Anyway in bombarding pearl harbor they would begin World War Two. Since the U.S. needed to at last win the war they required a type of a super weapon. Consequently the Manhattan venture was placed energetically. The Manhattan venture was exclusively dedicated to making an atomic weapon that would win the war surely. The main thing that the U.S. expected to do was to collect a group of researchers. The U.S. enrolled six famous researchers, each with their exceptional abilities. The main researcher was Neils Bohr, he is liable for the possibility that parting was conceivable making the nuclear bomb a conceivable thought. The subsequent researcher was named Glen Seaborg. Seaborg was the first to find plutonium-239 one of the potential powers for the nuclear bomb. The third researcher was Earnest Lawrence. Lawrence formulated an approach to achieve uranium-235 another possibility for the fuel in a nuclear bomb. The fourth researcher, Leslie Groves would be liable for making an increasingly proficient method of delivering Uranium-235. The fifth researchers name was Enrico Fermi. Fermi found that Fission could be supported in a chain response, this would give the nuclear bomb its extraordinary power.(Bracchini, 3) The last researcher was Robert Oppenheimer. Oppenheimer would be the chief of the Manhattan venture, he was associated with it at all times. The principal issue with the nuclear bomb was the capacity to discover a fuel that would carry on the way that was required for a splitting response, and the capacity to obtain it in not too bad sums. There were two powers proposed Uranium-235 ,proposed by Neils Bohr, and Plutonium-239, proposed by Glen Seaborg. Uranium-235 was a decent applicant since it can proceed with parting once it is begun. Anyway to get Uranium-235 they required Uranium metal which additionally contains ... <!

Quiz Shakespeare and Elizabethan Literature Flashcard

Test: Shakespeare and Elizabethan Literature

Diversity Essay Topics - How to Choose Your Topic

Diversity Essay Topics - How to Choose Your TopicDiversity essay topics help students create the basis for writing a well-written, informative piece. The diversity essay does not need to be a doozy and the focus is on giving your point of view in an engaging manner. It is important to choose topics that are not only unique but also within the student's field of expertise. It should have some sort of relevance to the essay and to the student.There are some diversity perspectives which are also a part of our culture. Students will want to write about topics that are based on their own special interest and specialty. This can be anything from a national scene to a particular country, organization or theme. Here are a few of the diversity essay topics you can consider for college.If you are thinking about writing about your own personal diversity perspective, you should choose one topic that pertains to your unique situation. You may want to discuss something about your background or fam ily history which pertains to a specific culture or place. If you would like to cover multiple points of view, you could choose more than one perspective and then write a variety of essays on these topics.Another possibility is to write about your time in high school or even college. This should not be any type of controversial topic. Instead, it should be an interesting reflection on the decisions and experiences that you had while attending high school or college.In addition to specific perspectives, students can also research their own diversity perspective on an individual basis. You can choose a topic that pertains to how you view yourself as a person, based on your religious views, physical appearance, or political leanings. This will allow students to write about aspects of themselves that they would like to change, or that are not suited to their current environment.Whatever your diversity perspective is, be sure to incorporateit into your essay. There are many ways to do th is, but the most effective is to discuss how you identify yourself based on specific qualities. Do not forget to state your beliefs, and explain what makes you think and feel that way.It is also very important to take some time to research your diversity perspective. Read literature on the topic, talk to experts in the area, and talk to your classmates and friends. You will be surprised at the knowledge that you uncover.If you have any doubts about writing about your own diversity perspective, the faculty advisor or head of your college has all the information that you will need to write your paper. It is not a good idea to attempt to write your own essay without first consulting your professor or his/her adviser.

Essay on The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins - 1449 Words

Suzanne Collins, the author of The Hunger Games, imagines a world where people are divided by district just like the real world does with the high, middle, low classes. This book is full of themes, literary devices and also talks about how the government — in this case the Capitol — oppresses their citizens. This book contains many universal messages, but the most prevalent are that if you want to do something, you can do it and the other is that true love is the strongest feeling in all the world. When you really like something, you work really hard to get it. If you are failing a subject, you work tirelessly to pass. In this case, The Hunger Games expresses a universal message that when you want to do something you can do it. In†¦show more content†¦True love makes impossible things come possible. There are many cases where love is expressed at The Hunger Games especially when Katniss decides to go to the games only to save to her sister, â€Å" I volunteer!†, I gasp. â€Å" I volunteer as tribute!† (pg.36). What Katniss does is a death sentence, but also an act of true love. â€Å"I protect Prim in every way I can, but i’m powerless against the reaping,† (pg.15). There are some hardness situation that we need to experienced and learn whatever they teach us. Life gave us many opportunities to meet new people and began a new relationship, but sometimes that love never becomes true. True love is the love that two sisters have that no matter what the situation is the oldest one takes the control of the situation and began acting us a mother, and with the only reason that she wants the best for her sister, and that is true love. The secret of this book is how Suzanne Collins writes The Hunger Games. The literary devices are underlying so the author can give the magic to their book. In The Hunger Games there are two fundamental devices; Symbols and irony. â€Å"I put the green outfit back on since its not really dirty, just slightly crumpled from spending the night on the floor. My fingers trace the circle around the little gold mockingjay and I think of the woods, and of my father, and of my mother and Prim waking up, having to get on with things. I slept in the elaborate braided hair my mother did for that reaping and itShow MoreRelatedThe Hunger Games By Suzanne Collins3246 Words   |  13 PagesStudy Unit The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins and Steven Galloway’s The Cellist of Sarajevo demonstrates the way in which people are affected by war, and a brutal dictatorship. The authors illustrates the main purpose for writing their novel through the use of imagery, characterization, foreshadowing, flashback, similes, and symbolism. Suzanne Collins and Steven Galloway use imagery and characterization to vividly describe the effects and outcomes of war and dictatorship. Suzanne Collins portrays,Read MoreThe Hunger Games By Suzanne Collins1352 Words   |  6 PagesThe movie or the book the Hunger Games came out with a bang when it first hit theaters or the shelves of the bookstores. It was dubbed as one of the best films or books to read, interestingly enough it was a remake of the stories or myths most people heard when they were younger, but modernized and turned into a collage of all the best roman and Greek stories. Suzanne Collins brilliantly combined the Greek and Roman influences to make the movie/book unforgettable. By using stories from the romansRead MoreThe Hunger Games By Suzanne Collin899 Words   |  4 Pages Suzanne Collin’s â€Å"Hunger Games† seems to be about a dystopian society struggle to become a utopia. However, when the readers read further in to the book or watches the movie one can see that is about all the characters that make use human. As human, we feel the need to build an ethical framework based on our needs for authority rather than tradition. The Capitol in the Hunger Games exploits human needs to keep authority in place. After rising seas and poverty consumed much of the land, the CapitolRead MoreThe Hunger Games By Suzanne Collins1419 Words   |  6 Pagesemotional atmosphere within a dystopian state, there exists an absence of feeling which competes for dominance. Suzanne Collins’ demonstrates this competing apathetic mood in her novel, The Hunger Games, through the citizens of the divided dystopia of Panem. This essay will analyze the origins and influence of apathy on a people and an individual, in both a political and personal sense. Collins’ main argument, that citizens’ facing governmental oppression can either become compliant with apathy, or, insteadRead MoreThe Hunger Games By Suzanne Collins854 Words   |  4 PagesIn a place where poverty is prevalent and a country is ruled b y a tyrannical dictator is it possible for an individual to trust others when their own life is always at stake? In the book The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins, the main character Katniss Everdeen is a survivor. In the novel she is put into an arena to compete against twenty-three other tributes to the death. This is not the only time during which she has to fend for herself; at home she had to care for her family and keep them aliveRead MoreThe Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins710 Words   |  3 Pages‘’The hunger games’’ is a novel written by Suzanne Collins, published in 2008. The genre of the book is thriller/survival, and is written over 27 chapters with 454 pages. In this analysis, I will tell you about how the main character Katniss changes through the novel, and tell you a little about the central characters that plays an important role for her. ‘’The Hunger Games’’, is set in the future in the country Panem, and is about the sixteen-year-old girl, Katniss Everdeen. Panem is divided intoRead MoreThe Hunger Games By Suzanne Collins986 Words   |  4 PagesThe Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins is about a sixteen year old girl named Katniss and how she needs to fight for her life. The Hunger Games takes place in an arena in the Capitol of Panem. There are 24 tributes, two from each District. The games were created to punish the Twelve Districts for trying to create an uprising against the Capitol. Suzanne Collins book could be compared to the United States and how people obsess with the way they look, discrimination is still occurring, and how the governmentRead MoreThe Hunger Games By Suzanne Collins3514 Words   |  15 PagesThe Hunger Games is a science fiction, dystopian post-apocalyptic series that takes place in a futuristic North American nation called Panem. The film series is based on the nov el series of the same title written by Suzanne Collins. Many who watch the films view them as an action-packed adventure series, but The Hunger Games, like many other dystopian films, feature social and political subjects that relate back to past and present culture. Dystopian films like the Hunger Games provide messages,Read MoreThe Hunger Games By Suzanne Collins1487 Words   |  6 PagesMy first text is The Hunger Games which is written by Suzanne Collins and it was written in September 14 2008; was set in the future, around the year 2087. My second text which is 1984, which is written by George Orwell and was written on Wednesday June 8 1949 and it was set in 1948. There are many themes in the book hunger games such as ‘the inequality between rich and poor’, ‘suffering as environment’ and ‘the importance of appearances’. In 1984 there is also many themes portrayed such as ‘theRead MoreThe Hunger Games By Suzanne Collins2436 Words   |  10 PagesThe Hunger Games is a science fiction and adventure film, based on the novel written by Suzanne Collins, which explores concepts of Marxism and numerous aspects of its principles through the dystopian world of Panem. The Hunger Games follows Marxist theories on bourgeoisie and proletariat class structure as well as capitalist production and the distribution of good. Thelma and Louise, a 1991 film directed by Ridley Scott, is often referred to by critics as â€Å"the ultimate feminist film†. This film

Active Theory of Television Viewing - 2269 Words

NAME: Simba Elijah Kiage ADM NO: 643419 ASSIGNMENT: A Report on Active Theory of Television Viewing Course: Jnr2223 INSTRUCTOR:Kioko Ireri, Ph.D. SUMMARY PURPOSE Delivered for the fulfillment of a Bachelors Degree in Mass media SCOPE: The Report covers the Active Viewing Theory, its contribution to understanding media effects on audiences documented challenges from research scholars. Presented To: Kioko Ireri, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Journalism amp; Mass Communication Patron, Journalism Club, Journalism Department United States International University-Africa. Introduction This theory finds its roots in Bandura’s 1977’s social learning theory which states that some prim aspects of television programming†¦show more content†¦Julian Rotter (Phares,1972),doesn’t fundamentally agree with Bandura on the instantaneous learning curve but he seems to suggest that learners will only act in accordance with the knowledge they have on what the consequences of their actions will be at any given moment and their beliefs are what govern their specific actions on any subject.(Julian Rotter,p.g.130) Baltes and Reese(1984)support this theory by stating that it is indeed true that individuals learn from their environment and that child psychologists will agree that age coupled highly by environmental factors act as the major influence on development and learning process of a child (Baltes and Reese p.g.514) In this retrospective view, this theory also does find its roots in the Ulric Nasser’s 1967 journal on human psychology where he defines the learning process as a complex integration of observation, long exposure to information, storage and using and reusing (Cognitive Psychology, Ulric Nasser pg.256) which perfectly marries with the Banduras explanation that observation was key to the individuals learning process. Jean Piaget (1936) who was among the first psychologists to make a contribution to cognitive learning and especially in children seemed to also subscribe to the point that children learn from the environment and the eventually gauge what they already know with what the environment offers them (Jean Piaget p.g.125).Although his study wasn’tShow MoreRelatedThe Creation of Digital Media for Adolescents Essay655 Words   |  3 Pagesdevelopment of digital media for children. One could consider that the foundation of children’s digital media content must account for the four stages of child development as stated by, social constructivist, Jean Piaget. By employing active mediation and co-viewing a child’s parents and peers can participate in a child’s experiences; using digital media in the context of learning can facilitate the understanding and processing of content in programming and advertisements. When establishing the formationRead MoreExploring Why the Mass Media May Exert Only a Limited Influence Over the Audience1307 Words   |  6 PagesExploring Why the Mass Media May Exert Only a Limited Influence Over the Audience Media is the way in which large companies are able to diffuse their choice of information to the public via sources such as television, newspapers and radio stations. It is evident that the media in general has become a major function in most people’s lives and consequently has been blamed fir crime, abortion and the corruption of morals in society. I will attempt to evaluate to what extentRead MoreIntroduction. Obesity Has Been A Growing Problem In The951 Words   |  4 Pagesindicated a direct association between television viewing and obesity, using various approaches and theories. Literary review Boulos,  Vikre, Oppenheimer, Chang, Kanarek, (2012) performed a literature review on television’s influence on weight gain and found both direct and indirect causes on the nations obesity epidemic. Direct causes include a decrease in physical activity, television food marketing and advertising, and â€Å"mindless eating† while watching television. If watching TV â€Å"is repeatedly pairedRead MoreEssay on Child Development1286 Words   |  6 Pagesunfold through my son’s eyes as he holds batman and robin figures. Today’s culture views the media as a necessity. One class of media entertainment is television. Television is often exchanged for play among children. Marie Winn wrote â€Å"The End of Play† commenting on how children have replaced â€Å"fantasy and make-believe games† for television. (Winn 76) A research study in USA Today showed results of a survey indicating â€Å"14% of parents said TV is always on.†(Par 4) Their findings point out â€Å"TVRead MoreEffects of Obesity on the Motor Development of Children Essay1367 Words   |  6 Pages There are also several theories that surround motor development. For example, the maturational theory suggests the maturation of different body systems, most importantly the central nervous system, is the main force that drives motor development (Payne Isaacs, 2008). This theory proposes that genetic inheritance is the most important factor that determines motor development and the environment plays a small rol e. On the other hand, the information processing theory maintains that humans respondRead MoreAudience Is A Term That Used To Describe A Large Group1602 Words   |  7 Pagesthe audience. Media has huge influential power towards audience thinking and behaviour. There are many approaches on how to deconstruct the relationship between the text and the audience. Questions arises on how do humans receive text from the television, or the internet, how do they analyse it and how does it affects them. McQuail, Blumler, and Brown proposed a model of â€Å"media-person interactions† which was to classify different gratifications. The four gratifications they classify were personalRead MoreThe Journal Reality Bites : An Investigation Of The Genre Of Reality Television1433 Words   |  6 PagesWhile reading the journal Reality Bites: An Investigation of the Genre of Reality Television and Its Relationship to Viewers’ Body Image researchers utilized a unique methodological approach, this study investigated subtypes of reality television (RTV) to study the influence of exposure to RTV on body image (body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness) as compared a more traditional weekly report of RTV viewing. Young adults (N  ¼ 472) completed online surveys measuring their exposure to Reality TVRead More Television and Media Violence - Is Aggressive Behavior Linked to TV Violence?3420 Words   |  14 PagesIs Aggressive Behavior Linked to Television Violence?      Ã‚   According the Centerwall (1992), the average child aged 2-5 in 1990 watched 27 hours of television per day, or almost 4 hours per day. When much of what is on television, including cartoons and television shows targeted at children, contains violence, it becomes important to know whether watching televised violence can lead to or increase aggressive behavior. Social learning theory tells us that children model theirRead MoreThe Persuasive Power of Television in the 1960’s Essay1376 Words   |  6 Pagessixties provided for a definitive coming of age era for the United States. While much of this revolution can be attributed to the events themselves, the medium used for disseminating these ideas bears some of the responsibility. Throughout the decade television replaced radio and newspaper as the primary source of news and entertainment. Unlike other forms of media, combining the components of auditory and visual stimulation allowed TV to become a powerful mass media distribution outlet, which uniquelyRead MoreUGT in the 21st Century14999 Words   |  60 PagesMASS COMMUNICATION SOCIETY, 2000, 3(1), 3–37 Uses and Gratifications Theory in the 21st Century Thomas E. Ruggiero Communications Department University of Texas at El Paso Some mass communications scholars have contended that uses and gratifications is not a rigorous social science theory. In this article, I argue just the opposite, and any attempt to speculate on the future direction of mass communication theory must seriously include the uses and gratifications approach. In this article

Analysis Of How America Went Haywire - 1466 Words

In â€Å"How America Went Haywire†, a chapter out of Kurt Andersen’s book Fantasyland: How America Went Haywire--A 500-year History, Andersen argues that America has bred its own sense of reality and fantasyland of such that has had an impact on the way people think and act. Americans believe that they are exceptional and superior to everyone else and therefore they do not have to listen to what experts and facts have to say. It is all opinions and feelings that America bases their own reality on. Andersen writes this chapter and book for all Americans because he believes that everyone has taken part in the falsification of reality. He mainly focuses on tailoring his argument for an audience who may be victims of a fantasy-like reality, which†¦show more content†¦The first article that seemingly strengthens and furthers Andersen’s main claim is from an online newspaper title Astana Times. The Astana Times is a reputable source of news for the Republic of Kazakhstan and although it is not important where it is published, it is important that it is a reputable source that connects with â€Å"How America Went Haywire† in a certain way. In the chapter, Andersen states that there are many factors that have contributed to this new way of thinking but one of the most prominent has been the advancements in technology and social media, â€Å"The second change was the onset of the new era of information. Digital technology empowers real-seeming fictions of the ideological and religious and scientific kinds†(Andersen 2). People can believe in anything they want and they can find the â€Å"facts† to back up what they believe in online. Even if they believe in something that has been proven not to exist or be reality, one can find some phony information on the internet that will back up their ideals. In the Astana Times, there is an article about how technology has spurred people’s irrational perception of reality titled â€Å"Social Media: Shaping the Way We See the World or Shaping the New World Itself?† This article does not have a specific author but is composed by many different people on the website itself. The article talks about how the ease at which how an â€Å"average joe† can compose something on social media leads to a lot ofShow MoreRelated123456787123 Words   |  29 Pages............. 10 LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................................................................. 10 CHAPTER TWO: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY......................................................... 16 CHAPTER THREE: ANALYSIS FINDINGS ............................................................... 18 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: ................................................................ 19 CHAPTER 4: CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS, LIMITATIONS AND SCOPERead MoreRural Poverty Alleviation in Nigeria10400 Words   |  42 PagesPoverty, and Alleviation. WHAT IS RURAL? To define what is rural is daunting task, because the word rural is an inexact term that can mean different thing to different people. For example, what is considered rural in a place like United States of America and United Kingdom may not resemble what is considered rural in a place like Nigeria and other West Africa countries. However, for the purpose of this paper efforts will be made to describe the word Rural and the general Characteristics of rural areasRead MoreInside the Meltdown49737 Words   |  199 PagesSHEILA BAIR ... FDIC [Federal Deposit Insurance Corp.], established 75 years ago in the Great Depression. ... How does it feel being head of FDIC during another grand crisis? It s a very important place to be right now. We re getting a lot of media attention, and I think that s positive because I think the FDIC is all about public confidence. That s how we maintain the stability with people having confidence in our brand and our insurance guarantee, and I think we ve done that fairly successfullyRead MoreImpact of Science on Society38427 Words   |  154 Pagesour housing, clothes, and food, our methods of transportation, and, indeed, even the length and quality of life itself, science has generated changes in the moral values and basic philosophies of mankind. Beginning with the plow, science has changed how we live and what we believe. By making life easier, science has given man the chance to pursue societal concerns such as ethics, aesthetics, education, and justice; to create cultures; and to improve human conditions. But it has also placed us in theRead MoreImpact of Science on Society38421 Words   |  154 Pagesour housing, clothes, and food, ou r methods of transportation, and, indeed, even the length and quality of life itself, science has generated changes in the moral values and basic philosophies of mankind. Beginning with the plow, science has changed how we live and what we believe. By making life easier, science has given man the chance to pursue societal concerns such as ethics, aesthetics, education, and justice; to create cultures; and to improve human conditions. But it has also placed us in theRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesappear on appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2011, 2007, 2005, 2002, 1998 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying

Bain Reflective Framework for Clinical Nursing - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theBain Reflective Framework for Clinical Nursing. Answer: Reflective practice is essential in health and social care as it gives scopes to the Healthcare professionals to identify different positive and negative aspects from an experience. It thereby helps to apply strategies so that the negative aspects do not take place in future (Shrader et al., 2013). It can be defined as the procedure of making sense of different events, situations and actions and then learning from those situations so that mistakes made once are not repeated in next time when similar situations arise (van Veen-Berkx et al., 2015). It gives scope to nurses to develop their knowledge as well as skills and also help them to become more responsible in the future. In the present assignment, Bains 5 R Framework would be used as it acts as a systematic approach to the description of events and the different reflections and knowledge learn from it. The first step of the reflection Framework is called reporting. In this step a brief description of the situation of the issue is provided. While I was placed as a graduate registered nurse in XYZ Healthcare Centre, I experienced issues in multidisciplinary team work where I was assigned .in the very first month an old lady was admitted to the ward when she faced a stroke following which she had fell down on the floor. This had caused her several bruises and skin tear. She was obese with a basal metabolic rate above 30. She also faced serious issues with Arthritis which has affected her few years ago. After her treatments in the emergency ward she was shifted to the general ward as the doctor has prescribed of proper rehabilitation for a week before being discharged to rehabilitation centre. She was facing issues with her speech and was not able to swallow properly and the right side of the body was also not functioning well although paralyses had not taken place. While working in th e ward, a large number of issues were noticed by me. The first issue which I noticed was that there was no proper care coordinator who would be maintaining the leadership of the team and performing the evaluation of the work done by different experts in the team. As there was no proper coordinator in the team all the experts were working individually which affected the main goal of the team work (Reeves et al., 2013). Moreover I saw that also the communication between the different experts of the team was not cordial. They usually avoided each other and did not have proper communication skills which are very important for maintaining a strong bond among the team members. While some members are rude, some are escapist. There were many team members who did not follow their own work responsibly and always played a blame game whenever confronted. Inter disciplinary communication was completely absent. All the members conducted their own diagnosis and treatment and jotted down the inform ation in the documentation sheet. There were no proper meeting that were held between the team members and therefore the perceptions of the experts about the development of the health of the old patient could not be analysed. Moreover I also noticed intense tension and stress among the different experts as they were involved into power struggles with each other. As a result of this they were not ready to provide effective feedback and always blamed each other when any negative sequences arose. The second step is the responding stage where the feeling of the individual is discussed. The continuous blame game that I noticed in the working environment of the team made me quite stressed. I became quite apprehensive because I knew that even if I did my job perfectly I can be blamed by anyone in the team which affected me. I gradually started feeling low on the ward and my enthusiasm with which I started the first day, gradually began to decline. The work which I used to enjoy previously made me felt burdened and therefore I easily become burnt out. No one provided me with effective feedback. I was gradually losing my motivation and this affected the care it was provided to the patient from my end point. I started developing a feeling of apathy towards my work and did not feel like going to the team. Not only that many of the team members acted rudely with me there by showing the power of the position and were not ready to accept any kind of suggestions from me. All this affecte d myself respect and self image. Moreover no one was accountable for their work and therefore these created a stressful environment in the department. I was also not getting proper guidance from any of the senior members and often made mistakes. However I was seriously criticized whenever I made mistakes and this affected my zeal to continue work in the tensed work environment. However I realised from the entire situation that if all these activities continued in the ward, the health of the patient would ultimately be compromised and therefore I took a decision to report it to the senior authorities so that our ultimate goal of saving the life of the patient and giving her quality life can be achieved. The next step of the reflective Framework is called the relating step. In this case the personal or theoretical understanding of an individual to a particular situation needs to be discussed. From the various theories that we have studied in the university years, I came to understand that the main issue of the ineffective teamwork in the general ward are mainly lack of proper communication skill among the different experts. They were not properly communicating among themselves and were only jotting down information in the documentation sheet. This absence of face to face communication has not allowed them to engage in different formal and informal discussions and therefore they were not able to develop strong relationships and Bond among themselves (Muller-Juge et al., 2014). Absence of a friendly approach towards Each Other has been the main reason of tensions as well as blame game among the different members. Researchers are also of the opinion that power struggles often hamper the main motto of health care of providing effective care to patients and prevents proper collaborative approach. Most of the team members were affected by the power struggles and they felt that their expertise and dedication are not respected by the experts of the higher rank. Mainly a lack of feedback providing and receiving skills was responsible for this situation (Al-Sayah et al. 2014). The senior should have provided effective feedback by properly encouraging them whenever they performed in a better way. Moreover when they would have conducted any mistake, they should be provided with the correct strategies in place of severe criticism. Besides absence of communication skills and power struggle there was also lack of a sense of accountability among the different experts as they were not accountable for their own work. They try to put the Blame on others and tried to escape the entire situation. All these affected the main Team Spirit of the multidisciplinary skills. Moreover the absence of a proper leader or care coordinator at the main reason for which all the activities conducted by the experts were taking place in an undisciplined way and no evaluation was made about the Quality of work conducted by the experts (Bookey-Bassett et al. 2017). All these had created workload and stress on different Healthcare professionals for which they have lost their enthusiasm as well as motivation to perform better. They are also no scope of continuous professional development in the ward as no training sessions were conducted for the effective teamwork (Wade, 2014). Therefore, organisation was also to some extent responsible for contribution to the tensed situation in the workplace. The next step of the reflective Framework is called reasoning. This mainly describes the rationale behind providing the comments in the previous step of the reflective framework. Effective communication helps the members of a team to communicate effectively. It reduces the chance for misinterpretation and miscommunication. The message which is delivered by proper communication is effective and brings successful results (Sawyer et al., 2016). Moreover effective communication also helps in the development of proper relationship among the different members. Development of both a formal and informal relationship is very important for maintaining harmony in relationship and also in different team work (Komer et al., 2016). Effective communication also helps in development of an understanding of each others perspectives of Work and thereby helps people to respect each other in the team. I also believe that power struggles hampers the smooth workflow in the workplace and affects the self re spect of different individuals. This may result in development of negative feelings, anger and disappointment against other members of the team for which the ultimate goal might be affected. Therefore it is very much important for each and every team members to understand the disadvantages of the power used by them and thereby modify their Behaviour for the betterment of the team performance (West Lynbovinikova, 2013). The senior should use their experience to help the junior nurses 2 develop their skills and enhance their knowledge. They should also provide effective feedback to them so that they feel motivated and encouraged at workplace (Weller et al., 2014). On the other hand the juniors should also develop collaborating and accommodating styles of work where they should be receptive of the feedback of the senior and work accordingly to develop the skills (Schaik et al. 2014). I have gone through different journal articles where researchers have placed and importance of account ability in nursing and health care feels. They are of the opinion that being accountable of one's own work is very much essential for patient advocacy and continuity of care. They also help in lifelong learning and being accountable to colleague the patient as well as to nursing profession and organisations can in turn help the individuals to serve the main motto of social contribution (Thomson et al., 2015). This value should be developed by every professional from the core of the heart. These would help to prevent the development of an environment where blame game and cursing each other or providing negative feedback to each other can be prevented. This would automatically reduce stress and workload on nurses as well as make them feels respected and loved by the team members and the organisation (Salas Rosen, 2013). Moreover an effective leadership by the care coordinator is very important who would help in maintaining unity among the different team members, develop their communi cation skills, overcome any barriers faced by the team members while developing relationship among themselves and many others. They would also analyse the different situations and provide suggestions for the scopes of development for effective teamwork (Deneckers et al. 2013). The last step of the reflective cycle is called the reconstructing state. The reconstructing state mainly includes drawing conclusions from the above Steps and thereby developing a future Action Plan. The step mainly helps in proposing strategies which would help in overcoming the barriers of the situation. After the condition if the ward revealed by me to the senior authority about the present scenario going in the general ward of the rehabilitation department, the first strategy that was taken by them was assigning a proper care coordinator. He was to be the main leader of the entire multidisciplinary team. He was assigned with the duty of fixing proper meetings, assigning time slots for each of the expert so there that there are no clashes, evaluating the care provided by each of the expert and to see that no blame game arises in the future. Proper leadership would help in the development of an ethical teamwork (Weaver et al., 2014). In order to develop the communication skills of the different team members as well as of myself, I requested the senior authority to take important steps. For this they conducted communication workshops at the different healthcare professionals for about twice a week. This helps in the development of the communication skills (Rosen et al., 2014). I also arranged for meeting twice of week where all the members are requested to attend and describe about the case of the patient with transparency. This helps each other to know about the perception of the other members of the team about the health of the patient and thereby develop for the care plan for the patient (Valentino et al., 2015). I also arranged for meetings on the weekends where all members would come forward and express their views and feedback of each other. Both negative and positive feedbacks were expected from them in such a way so that the help in the development of skills of the other members. This usually helps in the development of relationship among the members and also helps to maintain a transparency in workplace. The senior authority also arranged for continuous professional development courses for the experts so that the virtues of accountability and the negative aspects of power struggles could be discussed effectively. Moreover the different strategies to maintain an effective teamwork would also be taught in the training classes (Casimiro et al., 2015). All the above mentioned strategies are believed by me would help in changing the present scenario of the situation With the help of the reflective Framework provided by Bain, the issues in the team work which I faced in the first month of my placement were properly accessed by me. Following this, I tried to relate them with the theory that I studied in my University years. Then I tried to reconstruct the situation by implementing proper Strategies and helping the authorities of the organisation to implement different courses which help in developing the condition of the rehabilitation ward. This ensured effective teamwork which helped in maintaining a quality care to the patient and improving Patient Safety. References: Al Sayah, F., Szafran, O., Robertson, S., Bell, N. R., Williams, B. (2014). Nursing perspectives on factors influencing interdisciplinary teamwork in the Canadian primary care setting.Journal of clinical nursing,23(19-20), 2968-2979. Bookey?Bassett, S., Markle?Reid, M., Mckey, C. A., Akhtar?Danesh, N. (2017). Understanding interprofessional collaboration in the context of chronic disease management for older adults living in communities: a concept analysis.Journal of advanced nursing,73(1), 71-84. Casimiro, L. M., Hall, P., Kuziemsky, C., O'Connor, M., Varpio, L. (2015). Enhancing patient-engaged teamwork in healthcare: An observational case study.Journal of interprofessional care,29(1), 55-61. Deneckere, S., Euwema, M., Lodewijckx, C., Panella, M., Mutsvari, T., Sermeus, W., Vanhaecht, K. (2013). Better interprofessional teamwork, higher level of organized care, and lower risk of burnout in acute health care teams using care pathways: a cluster randomized controlled trial.Medical care,51(1), 99-107. Krner, M., Btof, S., Mller, C., Zimmermann, L., Becker, S., Bengel, J. (2016). Interprofessional teamwork and team interventions in chronic care: a systematic review.Journal of interprofessional care,30(1), 15-28. Krner, M., Lippenberger, C., Becker, S., Reichler, L., Mller, C., Zimmermann, L., ... Baumeister, H. (2016). Knowledge integration, teamwork and performance in health care.Journal of health organization and management,30(2), 227-243. Muller-Juge, V., Cullati, S., Blondon, K. S., Hudelson, P., Matre, F., Vu, N. V., ... Nendaz, M. R. (2014). Interprofessional collaboration between residents and nurses in general internal medicine: a qualitative study on behaviours enhancing teamwork quality.PloS one,9(4), e96160. Reeves, S., Perrier, L., Goldman, J., Freeth, D., Zwarenstein, M. (2013). Interprofessional education: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes (update).The Cochrane Library. Rosen, M. A., Dietz, A. S., Yang, T., Priebe, C. E., Pronovost, P. J. (2014). An integrative framework for sensor-based measurement of teamwork in healthcare.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association,22(1), 11-18. Salas, E., Rosen, M. A. (2013). Building high reliability teams: progress and some reflections on teamwork training.BMJ Qual Saf,22(5), 369-373. Sawyer, T., Eppich, W., Brett-Fleegler, M., Grant, V., Cheng, A. (2016). More than one way to debrief: a critical review of healthcare simulation debriefing methods.Simulation in Healthcare,11(3), 209-217. Schaik, S. M., O'brien, B. C., Almeida, S. A., Adler, S. R. (2014). Perceptions of interprofessional teamwork in low?acuity settings: a qualitative analysis.Medical education,48(6), 583-592. Shrader, S., Kern, D., Zoller, J., Blue, A. (2013). Interprofessional teamwork skills as predictors of clinical outcomes in a simulated healthcare setting.Journal of allied health,42(1), 1E-6E. Thomson, K., Outram, S., Gilligan, C., Levett-Jones, T. (2015). Interprofessional experiences of recent healthcare graduates: A social psychology perspective on the barriers to effective communication, teamwork, and patient-centred care.Journal of interprofessional care,29(6), 634-640. Valentine, M. A., Nembhard, I. M., Edmondson, A. C. (2015). Measuring teamwork in health care settings: a review of survey instruments.Medical care,53(4), e16-e30. van Veen-Berkx, E., Bitter, J., Kazemier, G., Scheffer, G. J., Gooszen, H. G. (2015). Multidisciplinary teamwork improves use of the operating room: a multicenter study.Journal of the American College of Surgeons,220(6), 1070-1076. Wade, P. (2014). Developing a culture of collaboration in the operating room: more than effective communication/Developper une culture de collaboration en salle d'operation: mieux que la communication efficace.ORNAC journal,32(4), 17-31. Weaver, S. J., Dy, S. M., Rosen, M. A. (2014). Team-training in healthcare: a narrative synthesis of the literature.BMJ Qual Saf,23(5), 359-372. Weller, J., Boyd, M., Cumin, D. (2014). Teams, tribes and patient safety: overcoming barriers to effective teamwork in healthcare.Postgraduate medical journal,90(1061), 149-154. West, M. A., Lyubovnikova, J. (2013). Illusions of team working in health care.Journal of health organization and management,27(1), 134-142.

International Financial Management Essay Example

International Financial Management Essay INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT Undertaken at â€Å"TECNIA INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED STUDIES† Submitted in the partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Under the Supervision  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Submitted by and Guidance ofRAMAN KUMAR Ms. Sakshi Goel 05117003910 (Lecturer IFM)MBA- 3rd Sem SESSION: 2010 2012 TECNIA INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED STUDIES (Approved by AICTE, Ministry of HRD, Govt. of India) Affiliated To Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi INSTITUTIONAL AREA, MADHUBAN CHOWK, ROHINI, DELHI- 110085 E-Mail:[emailprotected] rg, Website: www. tecniaindia. org Fax No: 27555120, Tel: 27555121-24 Ques 1) Bring out the similarities and dissimilarities in the financing facilities at IMF and World Bank. Discuss how the two institutions help in the development of developing countries? World Bank and IMF * The World Bank and the IMF are twin pillars supporting the worlds economic and financial structure. The World Bank is an investment bank owned by its member nations. The IMF functions more like a credit union whose members can draw from a common pool of funds to assist in emergencies. As of Aug. 1, 2010, its biggest borrowers were Romania, Ukraine and Hungary. 19441969 * From July 1 to 22, 1944, the IMF and World Bank Articles of Agreement were formulated at the International Monetary and Financial Conference in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire. On May 8, 1947, France became the first nation to borrow from the IMF. On Sept. 29, 1967, the IMF board approved a plan to establish special drawing rights (SDRs), which are international reserve assets used by member countries to supplement their foreign exchange reserves. 19701985 * On Aug. 15, 1971, the U. S. topped using the gold standard to settle international transactions. In 1974, the IMF adopted a new method of SDR valuation based on a basket of 16 currencies. This basket was simplified on Sept. 17, 1980, to hold five currencies, and today it holds fou r: the U. S. dollar, euro, Japanese yen and pound sterling. On Dec. 2, 1985, the two agencies expressed support for a U. S. initiative for comprehensive adjustment measures by debtors, increased and more effective structural lending by multilateral development banks, and expanded lending by commercial banks. 1986-Onward * On Dec. 9, 1987, the IMF established the Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility (ESAF) to provide resources to developing nations undergoing fundamental debt restructuring and economic reform. Countries of the former Soviet Union joined the two agencies in 1992. The IMF, in conjunction with the G7, helped stabilize the 1995 Mexican peso crisis and the 1997 Asian currency crisis. On Jan. 8, 2001, the IMF and the Bank announced debt relief for 22 countries, 18 of them in Africa. On Apr. 13, 2003, a joint IMF-World Bank project was launched to monitor the policies and actions needed to achieve the United Nations Millennium Development Goals by 2015. On Sept. 25, 2005, agreement was reached on a G7/G8 proposal to provide 100 percent debt relief to the worlds heavily indebted poor countries (HIPCs). During their April 2006 meetings, the IMF and the Bank focused on ways to finance clean energy in developing countries, and the role of governance in meeting worldwide social, health and economic goals. Similarities Differences The overall structure of the  United Nations System  and  World Bank Group  has been described in previous posts. Both of those groups have expanded exponentially since their creation. Given that both the UN and World Bank were born from the same parents almost simultaneously, the extent of differences among organizations both within and between those two broad institutional systems is surprising: 1. Although membership in all entities within the UN System and World Bank Group is limited to sovereign- states, all members of the United Nations  General Assembly  are not necessarily members of  IBRD  (or other  World Bank  subsidiary bodies or specific UN  specialized agencies); 2. We will write a custom essay sample on International Financial Management specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on International Financial Management specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on International Financial Management specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Although sovereign-state members are represented by their respective governments within  UN  System  and  World Bank Group  entities, different agencies within those governments represent them in those different international bodies (for example, [i] ministries of  foreign affairs  generally represent their governments  in the  General Assembly  and  Security Council, [II] bi-lateral development agencies, ministries of external affairs, or sector-specific  line ministries  normally represent them inspecialized agencies, and [iii] ministries of  finance  or  central banksnormally represent them in the  World Bank  and  International Monetary Fund  [IMF]); 3. Although informal agreements existed that the  Administrator  of the  United Nations Development Programme  (UNDP) and thePresident  of the  World Bank  should both be Americans,6  a wide range of other nationalities have always served in the highest leadership position of other UN specialized agencies; 4. Although senior leaders within both systems stressed the importance of â€Å"country-knowledge† among staff, the UN system began posting  Resident Representatives  to client countries very early-on while the World Bank continues to rely primarily on staff and consultants dispatched from its Washington headquarters; and 5. Although the UN system fairly rapidly expanded its interests in international development assistance and capacity to provide it, the attention of its overall leadership and Secretariat staff remains focused on, in the words of Craig Murphy, â€Å"matters of international high politics. † IMF and World Bank help in the development of developing countries The IMF and World Bank collaborate regularly and at many levels to assist member countries and work together on several initiatives. In 1989, the terms for their cooperation were set out in a  concordat  to ensure effective collaboration in areas of shared responsibility. High-level coordination: During the  Annual Meetings  of the  Boards of Governors of the IMF  and the World Bank, Governors consult and present their countries’ views on current issues in international economics and finance. The Boards of Governors decide how to address international economic and financial issues and set priorities for the organizations. A group of IMF and World Bank Governors also meet as part of the  Development Committee, whose meetings coincide with the Spring and Annual Meetings of the IMF and the World Bank. This committee was established in 1974 to advise the two institutions on critical development issues and on the financial resources required to promote economic development in low-income countries. Management consultation. The Managing Director of the IMF and the President of the World Bank meet regularly to consult on major issues. They also issue joint statements and occasionally write joint articles, and have visited several regions and countries together. Staff collaboration. The staffs of the IMF and the Bank collaborate closely on country assistance and policy issues that are relevant for both institutions. The two institutions also often conduct country missions in parallel and staff participate in each other’s missions. IMF assessments of a country’s general economic situation and policies provide input to the Bank’s assessments of potential development projects or reforms. Similarly, Bank advice on structural and sectoral reforms is taken into account by the IMF in its policy advice. The staffs of the two institutions also cooperate on the  conditionality  involved in their respective lending programs. The 2007 external review of Bank-Fund collaboration led to a  Joint Management Action Plan  on World Bank-IMF Collaboration (JMAP) to further enhance the way the two institutions work together. Under the plan, Fund and Bank country teams discuss their country-level work programs, which identify macro-critical sectoral issues, the division of labor, and the work needed from each institution in the coming year. A recent  review of JMAP implementation  underscored the importance of these   joint country team consultations in enhancing collaboration. Reducing debt burdens. The IMF and World Bank also work together to reduce the external debt burdens of the most heavily indebted poor countries under theHeavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative  and the  Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (MDRI). The objective is to help low-income countries achieve their development goals without creating future debt problems. IMF and Bank staff jointly prepare country debt sustainability analyses under the  Debt Sustainability Framework (DSF)  developed by the two institutions. Reducing poverty. In 1999, the IMF and the World Bank initiated the  Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP)  approach—a country-led plan for linking national policies, donor support, and the development outcomes needed to reduce poverty in low-income countries. PRSPs underpin the HIPC Initiative and most  concessional lending by the IMF  (in particular, the  Extended Credit Facility (ECF)) and World Bank. Monitoring progress on the MDGs. Since 2004, the Fund and Bank have worked together on the  Global Monitoring Report  (GMR), which assesses progress needed to achieve the UN  Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The report also considers how well developing countries, developed countries, and the international financial institutions are contributing to the development partnership and strategy to meet the MDGs. Assessing financial stability. The IMF and World Bank are also working together to make financial sectors in member countries resilient and well regulated. The  Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP)  was introduced in 1999 to identify the strengths and vulnerabilities of a countrys financial system and recommend appropriate policy responses. Ques 2) What to do understand by swap? What are the various types of swaps? An Introduction To Swaps Derivatives  contracts can be divided into two general families: 1. Contingent claims, i. e. , options 2. Forward claims, which include exchange-traded futures,  forward contracts  and  swaps   3. A swap is an agreement between two parties to exchange sequences of cash flows for a set period of time. Usually, at the time the contract is initiated, at least one of these series of cash flows is determined by a random or uncertain variable, such as an interest rate, foreign exchange rate, equity price or commodity price. Conceptually, one may view a swap as either a portfolio of forward contracts, or as a long position in one bond coupled with a short position in another bond. This article will discuss the two most common and most basic types of swaps: the  plain vanilla  interest rate and  currency swaps. The Swaps Market Unlike most standardized  options  and  futures  contracts, swaps are not exchange-traded instruments. Instead, swaps are customized contracts that are traded in the  over-the-counter  (OTC) market between private parties. Firms and financial institutions dominate the swaps market, with few (if any) individuals ever participating. Because swaps occur on the OTC market, there is always the risk of a counterparty defaulting on the swap. (For background reading, see  Futures Fundamentals  and  Options Basics. ) The first  interest rate swap  occurred between IBM and the World Bank in 1981. However, despite their relative youth, swaps have exploded in popularity. In 1987, the  International Swaps and Derivatives Association  reported that the swaps market had a total notional value of $865. 6 billion. By mid-2006, this figure exceeded $250  trillion, according to the Bank for International Settlements. Thats more than 15  times  the size of the  U. S. public equities market. Plain Vanilla Interest Rate Swap The most common and simplest swap is a plain vanilla interest rate swap. In this swap, Party A agrees to pay Party B a predetermined,  fixed rate of interest  on a  notional principal  on specific dates for a specified period of time. Concurrently, Party B agrees to make payments based on a  floating interest rate  to Party A on that same notional principal on the same specified dates for the same specified time period. In a plain vanilla swap, the two cash flows are paid in the same currency. The specified payment dates are called  settlement dates, and the time between are called settlement periods. Because swaps are customized contracts, interest payments may be made annually, quarterly, monthly, or at any other interval determined by the parties. (For related reading, see  How do companies benefit from interest rate and currency swaps? ) For example, on December 31, 2006, Company A and Company B enter into a five-year swap with the following terms: * Company A pays Company B an amount equal to 6% per annum on a notional principal of $20 million. Company B pays Company A an amount equal to one-year LIBOR + 1% per annum on a notional principal of $20 million. LIBOR, or  London Interbank Offer Rate, is the interest rate offered by  London  banks on deposits made by other banks in the  eurodollar  markets. The market for interest rate swaps frequently (but not always) uses LIBOR as the base for the floating rate. For simplicity, lets assume the two parties ex change payments annually on December 31, beginning in 2007 and concluding in 2011. At the end of 2007, Company A will pay Company B $20,000,000 * 6% = $1,200,000. On December 31, 2006, one-year LIBOR was 5. 33%; therefore, Company B will pay Company A $20,000,000 * (5. 33% + 1%) = $1,266,000. In a plain vanilla interest rate swap, the floating rate is usually determined at the beginning of the settlement period. Normally, swap contracts allow for payments to be netted against each other to avoid unnecessary payments. Here, Company B pays $66,000, and Company A pays nothing. At no point does the principal change hands, which is why it is referred to as a notional amount. Figure 1 shows the cash flows between the parties, which occur annually (in this example). (To learn more, read  Corporate Use Of Derivatives For Hedging. ) | Figure 1: Cash flows for a plain vanilla interest rate swap| Plain Vanilla Foreign Currency Swap The plain vanilla currency swap involves exchanging principal and fixed interest payments on a loan in one currency for principal and fixed interest payments on a similar loan in another currency. Unlike an interest rate swap, the parties to a currency swap will exchange principal amounts at the beginning and end of the swap. The two specified principal amounts are set so as to be approximately equal to one another, given the exchange rate at the time the swap is initiated. For example, Company C, a  U. S. firm, and Company D, a European firm, enter into a five-year currency swap for $50 million. Lets assume the exchange rate at the time is $1. 25 per euro (i. e. , the dollar is worth $0. 80 euro). First, the firms will exchange principals. So, Company C pays $50 million, and Company D pays  ¬40 million. This satisfies each companys need for funds denominated in another currency (which is the reason for the swap). | Figure 2: Cash flows for a plain vanilla currency swap, Step 1. | Then, at intervals specified in the swap agreement, the parties will exchange interest payments on their respective principal amounts. To keep things simple, lets say they make these payments annually, beginning one year from the exchange of principal. Because Company C has borrowed euros, it must pay interest in euros based on a euro interest rate. Likewise, Company D, which borrowed dollars, will pay interest in dollars, based on a dollar interest rate. For this example, lets say the agreed-upon dollar-denominated interest rate is 8. 5%, and the euro-denominated interest rate is 3. 5%. Thus, each year, Company C pays  ¬40,000,000 * 3. 50% =  ¬1,400,000 to Company D. Company D will pay Company C $50,000,000 * 8. 25% = $4,125,000. As with interest rate swaps, the parties will actually net the payments against each other at the then-prevailing exchange rate. If, at the one-year mark, the exchange rate is $1. 40 per euro, then Company Cs payment equals $1,960,000, and Company Ds  payment would be $4,125,000. In practice, Company  D would pay the net difference of $2,165,000 ($4,125,000 $1,960,000)  to Company C. | Figure 3: Cash flows for a plain vanilla currency swap, Step 2| Finally, at the end of the swap (usually also the date of the final interest payment), the parties re-exchange the original principal amounts. These principal payments are unaffected by exchange rates at the time. | Figure 4: Cash flows for a plain vanilla currency swap, Step 3| Who would use a swap? The motivations for using swap contracts fall into two basic categories: commercial needs and  comparative advantage. The normal business operations of some firms lead to certain types of interest rate or currency exposures that swaps can alleviate. For example, consider a bank, which pays a floating rate of interest on deposits (i. e. , liabilities) and earns a fixed rate of interest on loans (i. e. , assets). This mismatch between assets and liabilities can cause tremendous difficulties. The bank could use a fixed-pay swap (pay a fixed rate and receive a floating rate) to convert its fixed-rate assets into floating-rate assets, which would match up well with its floating-rate liabilities. Some companies have a comparative advantage in acquiring certain types of financing. However, this comparative advantage may not be for the type of financing desired. In this case, the company may acquire the financing for which it has a comparative advantage, then use a swap to convert it to the desired type of financing. For example, consider a well-known  U. S. firm that wants to expand its operations into  Europe, where it is less well known. It will likely receive more favorable financing terms in the  US. By then using a currency swap, the firm ends with the euros it needs to fund its expansion. Exiting a Swap Agreement Sometimes one of the swap parties needs to exit the swap prior to the agreed-upon termination date. This is similar to an investor selling an exchange-traded futures or option contract before expiration. There are four basic ways to do this. 1. Buy Out the Counterparty Just like an option or futures contract, a swap has a calculable market value, so one party may terminate the contract by paying the other this market value. However, this is not an automatic feature, so either it must be specified in the swaps contract in advance, or the party who wants out must secure the counterpartys consent. . Enter an Offsetting Swap For example, Company A from the interest rate swap example above could enter into a second swap, this time receiving a fixed rate and paying a floating rate. 3. Sell the Swap to Someone Else Because swaps have calculable value, one party may sell the contract to a third party. As with Strategy 1, this requires the permission of the counterparty. 4. Use a Swaption A  swaption  is an option on a swap. Purchasing a swaption would allow a party to set up, but not enter into, a potentially offsetting swap at the time they execute the original swap. This would reduce some of the market risks associated with Strategy 2.. Conclusion Swaps can be a very confusing topic at first, but this financial tool, if used properly, can provide many firms with a method of receiving a type of financing that would otherwise be unavailable. This introduction to the concept of plain vanilla swaps and currency swaps should be regarded as the groundwork needed for further study. You now know the basics of this growing area and how swaps are one available avenue that can give many firms the comparative advantage they are looking for.

A Comprehensive Guide on Writing a Character Analysis

A Comprehensive Guide on Writing a Character Analysis 10 Steps to Creating an Outstanding Character Essay Analysis Character analysis is an essay, which aims to describe a certain character from a book or a popular figure that exists in reality. Such paper is concentrated on personal features and character of an analyzed person. However, a high school character analysis greatly differs from a college one, because it requires more detailed research and has specific demands. Moreover, you also need to follow one of the formatting styles: MLA; APA; Harvard; Chicago/Turabian. If you are a college freshman or have never written a university character analysis before, you should be ready to face lots of requirements, including context, structure and thoughtful analysis. You can include personal stories and experience to support the topic. Below we have gathered the best 10 tips to write a flawless character analysis. A thorough research You must know every feature of the analyzed character, his personal qualities and background. That is why you should gather as much opinions and views, as possible. You should understand that the same character looks completely different in various sources, so it is important to stick not only to the initial book but also to other credible sources. They include: Newspapers; Magazines; Articles; Blogs; Videos. Shape your ideas with the help of an outline Outline is not a compulsory part of your character analysis if the opposite is not indicated by your professor. However, it is a very important section for your own convenience, because with its help you will always know what to write about, step-by-step. Without an outline you can lose track of the general flow of your essay and won’t be able to deliver a quality text. An outline is a plan, a list of all the ideas you want to share with the reader. Strong introduction and a thesis statement Every written assignment should always start with an introduction paragraph, which contains a thesis statement in the last sentence. Your goal is to prove the audience that you have serious reasons to write about a chosen character. You can insert a quote from the source text or provide interesting and unknown details about a person you want to tell about. However, such information should be general, without too much information. Describe hero’s character Your body paragraphs should contain information on all of the features you have found about the discussed person. Start with a powerful statement and then support it with evidence. Remind all of the episodes, which prove your point of view. For that purpose you will have to read the book from the first page to the last one. Write about the key conflict Even though your task is to discuss a person or a character, you should still explain what the main conflict of the analyzed piece is. This will help you to explain the reader why the analyzed character is good or bad, acts right or wrong, etc. If you are not able to identify the conflict on your own, turn to your professor or a professional writing company! Use clear language Some students think that a character analysis doesn’t require academic language and decide to use slang instead. However, your essay should always remain academic and contain clear English. Never use words, which you are not able to find in the vocabulary, as it may greatly lower your final marks. Make sure you choose a proper character type Every literature assignment should include specific terms, so when you analyze a character you should always define what his type is: Protagonist (the main hero); Antagonist; Major character; Minor character; Dynamic; Stereotypical; Foils; Single-dimensional; Three-dimensional. State your position You need to process various opinions and arguments to show the character both from good and bad sides. In addition, you need to present a fresh look on the plot of the story and on the character himself to interest the reader. Include questions without an answer You can tell the audience about unanswered questions from the text or ask them yourself. In such a way, your reader will think about your essay even after finishing it and may even want to continue the research. Get quality assistance If you are limited in time and have tens of other assignments to be delivered, we are there to help! Even if you don’t have a wish to work on a character analysis or have no ideas what to write about, there is no need to panic. Our professional writers and editors are always ready to create an original character analysis for you, meeting all of the demands and requirements.

Technology-based implementation in the context of the small retail Research Paper - 1

Technology-based implementation in the context of the small retail business - Research Paper Example This research is being carried out to evaluate and present the scenario of the business which is that the researcher’s best friend has bought a small retail business in Central Florida and its name is Bright Moon Store. The business has been doing fairly well but my friend has just found out that the accounting system consists of cash and receipts in a shoe box and there are no reports of anything since everything was kept in the prior owners head. So in this project, the researcher’s friend has hired him as a consultant to help get things organized. The Bright Moon Store deals in general household products that are used in our daily lives. The basic intention of this store is to provide customers with more convenient and easy access to daily used products. Bright Moon Store has a long business history in the market and with the passage of time, its overall reorganization has improved. As a result, Bright Moon Store wants to improve its overall market reorganization and performance. With the passage of time, the business customers are increasing so the business needs to adopt some effective tools and techniques to deal with these growing requirements. In order to run its business effectively, Bright Moon Store has to fulfill its basic business needs. The effective fulfillment of these needs will effectively support all business areas. In this scenario Bright Moon Store’s basic business needs are outlined below: Bright Moon Store is currently completing its business tasks using manual ways. In such scenario, the overall workload and working style are more rigid, which ultimately causes less effective business performance. The present business data is paper-based or semi-automated. In this scenario, problem is that the amount of data is huge and it cannot be handled without using an appropriate information system.

History of voice coil of a speaker Research Paper

History of voice coil of a speaker - Research Paper Example A voice coil in a speaker is the loop of a wire connected to the top side of a loudspeaker conduit. Its main function is to give the motive force to the conduit by use of magnetic field created by current passing through it. The common loudspeaker that is currently in use was developed in the 1920s and uses a magnetic force to move a coil that is attached to a diaphragm. Information passing capabilities of a system through a magnetic-core, memory circuits and peripheral magnetic storage and retrieval devices was a challenge that faced traditional scientists. Although the history of voice coil technologies is particularly complex and tumultuous. Voice coil has been made in linear and rotary designs, but the rotary design has become the dominant design because it requires less space (Kamm, 1996). A much less expensive mechanism is a stepper motor, in which a shaft rotates in discrete steps to new positions in response to changes in the surrounding magnetic field. The functioning of the voice coil and related associates is closely related to the history of magnetism. It is recorded that around 1820’s a scientist, Hans Christian, demonstrated that magnetism was linked to electric current through the use of a wire carrying an electric current close to a magnetic field. This caused a deflection of the compass needle, which was being used at the tim e of the experiment (Schilders, Vorst, & Rommes, 2008). It is important to note that current flows causes the emergence of a magnetic field in the neighboring field. The history of voice coil indicates how abstract scientists ideas of this device has been ongoing since the invention of magnetism. Before any concrete advances could be made utilizing magnetism, scientists needed new tools and techniques that could be used to hear sound from a speaker (Brauer, 2006). One of the challenge was an inability to construct novel experimental materials with the

Financial accounting standards Essay Example for Free

Financial accounting standards Essay The income statement, which portrays the financial performance of the company, is also described in the financial statements elements. Income and expenses from ordinary activities are recognized as the main elements of such statement, which when matched result in a profit or loss for the period. Capital maintenance adjustments are also pointed out, which may effect the income statement. This arises from the restatement of assets and liabilities that may eventually influence the equity of the firm (International Accounting Standards 2000, p 61-64). The measurement bases utilized in order to compute the monetary amounts of the assets, liabilities, equity, revenue and expenditure noted above are also outlined in the framework. There are five main measurement bases recognized in the accounting framework, which are explained below: †¢ Historical Cost – such measurement bases states that assets are recorded at the historical, which is normally the date of purchase. This implies that the value of the asset at the date of acquisition is the one portrayed in the Balance Sheet. For example, if a motor vehicle costing $8,000 is bought. The $8,000 historical cost value will be adopted as its measurement bases. As regards liabilities, the amount of cash obligation arising at the inception of the transaction will also be utilized as the measurement means. Any payments that are eventually undertaken to cover such liability are diminished from that amount. This is most common method adopted in practice by business organizations. However, when the need arises, such measurement bases are promulgated with other methods in order to portray a more true and fair financial picture (International Accounting Standards 2000, p 70-71). †¢ Current Cost – as its name implies, assets are recorded at the current amount of cash and cash equivalents that would be required if a similar was going to be purchased. Under such measurement bases, liabilities are determined according to the undiscounted cash obligation necessary to settle such commitment (International Accounting Standards 2000, p 70). †¢ Realizable value – this method is similar to the current cost one, with the exception that assets value is computed in line with the equivalent price that the present asset can attain if disposed in the market. The value of liabilities under such measurement bases is the same to the historical cost one. That is liabilities are determined in line with their settlement value (International Accounting Standards 2000, p 70). †¢ Present value – this encompasses that assets are recording according to the present discounted value of the envisaged cash inflows that such asset will provide to the organization in its day-to-day business activities. Liabilities are also valued at the present discounted value of the expected cash outflows entailed in the foreseeable future (International Accounting Standards 2000, p 70). The concept of capital and capital maintenance is the last basic principle covered by the accounting framework. The principle of capital under a financial side comprises the invested assets by the owner, which are identical to the equity or net assets value. Under the physical concept of capital, it entails the operating ability. That is the productive power of the organization (International Accounting Standards 2000, p 72). The concept of capital mentioned in the previous paragraph leads to the proceeding concepts of capital maintenance:†¢ Financial Capital Maintenance – profit/loss is computed under such concept as the difference between the financial value of the net assets at the end of the year and the financial value of the net assets at the commencement of the financial year (International Accounting Standards 2000, p 72). The fair value measurement bases, which is a new valuation method abides with such concept. †¢ Physical Capital Maintenance profit in this case focuses on the productive ability of the corporation. That is the excess of physical production at the end of the year when compared with that of the beginning forms up the profit figure (International Accounting Standards 2000, p 73). 2. The principles outlined in the framework do not exercise a direct influence on the intended parties. It holds an indirect affect by affecting the accounting standards issued by the recognized accountancy board. Such accounting standard will then have a direct influence on the accounting treatment of specific items and on the presentation of accounting information. Indeed the framework acts as a yardstick that guides the development of accounting standards. It is a generic document that narrows the range of alternatives that can be adopted during the standard setting process (Foster M. J. et al 2001, p 1,2). Further more, the framework aids the communication process in the Financial Accounting Standards Board, both internally and externally. Through the adoption of a generally accepted accounting framework, the message of the Financial Accounting Standards Board would be more easy to be communicated to accountants in the respective industries (Foster M. J. et al 2001, p 2).

Apocalypse Now :: Stereotypes Arrogance Americans Essays

Apocalypse Now What is the stereotypical American? When one asks this question there are two general answers. An American would probably respond with characteristics such as hard working, free, and compassionate. A person from somewhere else in the world will probably have a very different answer to this question. Usually Americans can be seen as arrogant, dangerous, and hypocritical. Not a very good reputation to have, but the strangest part about it is most Americans either don’t know why people think of them this way or don’t care. For those that don’t care, ignorance will continue to be bliss, but for those who wish to know why people around the world think of them there are a few avenues they can explore. One of the most powerful is cinema. There are a number of great films that explore this subject in detail, and shed light on a perspective most Americans may not be familiar with. Two such films are Lars Von Trier’s portrait of everyday American life ca lled Dogville, and the other is Francis Ford Coppola’s war epic Apocalypse Now. Although both films are quite different, both emphasize and reinforce the negative stereotypes associated with Americans (â€Å"What the World Thinks of America†). Arrogance is the first trait generally associated with Americans. In Apocalypse Now, American arrogance is personified by the character played by Robert Duvall. Duvall’s character is the commander of a group of helicopters in Vietnam. It is explained throughout the film that Duvall’s character is invincible. He and everyone else knows that he will survive the war. With that degree of comfort Duvall stomps around Vietnam spreading freedom and killing scores of people. In his role in Apocalypse Now, Robert Duvall exemplifies the arrogant American soldier He goes around the world killing others, spreading his values, and not caring about the results. Von Trier’s film Dogville also examines stereotypical American arrogance. The first example of this comes from the character of Thomas Edison Jr. as played by Paul Bettany. Throughout the film, Bettany’s character attempts to change the beliefs and actions of the people within his town. While his struggle may be for the best, the fact that Bettany is trying to force his ideals on others is a very arrogant stance. Another example comes from the character of Grace as played by Nichole Kidman. Apocalypse Now :: Stereotypes Arrogance Americans Essays Apocalypse Now What is the stereotypical American? When one asks this question there are two general answers. An American would probably respond with characteristics such as hard working, free, and compassionate. A person from somewhere else in the world will probably have a very different answer to this question. Usually Americans can be seen as arrogant, dangerous, and hypocritical. Not a very good reputation to have, but the strangest part about it is most Americans either don’t know why people think of them this way or don’t care. For those that don’t care, ignorance will continue to be bliss, but for those who wish to know why people around the world think of them there are a few avenues they can explore. One of the most powerful is cinema. There are a number of great films that explore this subject in detail, and shed light on a perspective most Americans may not be familiar with. Two such films are Lars Von Trier’s portrait of everyday American life ca lled Dogville, and the other is Francis Ford Coppola’s war epic Apocalypse Now. Although both films are quite different, both emphasize and reinforce the negative stereotypes associated with Americans (â€Å"What the World Thinks of America†). Arrogance is the first trait generally associated with Americans. In Apocalypse Now, American arrogance is personified by the character played by Robert Duvall. Duvall’s character is the commander of a group of helicopters in Vietnam. It is explained throughout the film that Duvall’s character is invincible. He and everyone else knows that he will survive the war. With that degree of comfort Duvall stomps around Vietnam spreading freedom and killing scores of people. In his role in Apocalypse Now, Robert Duvall exemplifies the arrogant American soldier He goes around the world killing others, spreading his values, and not caring about the results. Von Trier’s film Dogville also examines stereotypical American arrogance. The first example of this comes from the character of Thomas Edison Jr. as played by Paul Bettany. Throughout the film, Bettany’s character attempts to change the beliefs and actions of the people within his town. While his struggle may be for the best, the fact that Bettany is trying to force his ideals on others is a very arrogant stance. Another example comes from the character of Grace as played by Nichole Kidman.

Law as a Living Body

Laws in America are constantly changing. With the changes that America has the laws do not get updated with the change of time. These laws are no longer enforced because they do not seem as bad with the changes in society. There are three phases that America operates its legal system. Law as a living body, Due process and protecting the rights of the accused. Laws are considered a living body because the laws have been changed and interpreted differently in different cases that laws have become like a living body. The living human body evolves and grows with time. The body adapts to the changes in society as does the law. Law on the books refers to the written laws. Law in action refers to the laws that are actively being used and punishable for. For example, in some states Adultery is against the law but is rarely enforced. This means the law of adultery is a law on the books not a law in action. A law in Action is a law such as sex abuse that is often enforced in every state. Objectivity of law is how and where the laws are made and interpreted. Legislatures create basic laws where judges and juries can interpret them. The living body theory refers to the way laws are constantly changing and evolving like a human body. The human body evolves and changes with the times. Due process is best defined in one word, fairness. Throughout the U. S. ‘s history, its constitutions, statutes and case law have provided standards for fair treatment of citizens by federal, state and local governments. These standards are known as due process. When a person is treated unfairly by the government, including the courts, he is said to have been deprived of or denied due process. In 1791, our Fifth Amendment rights protected all individuals, American born and immigrants, basic protection from the federal government regarding civil rights violations. The positives of due process are that a person must be proven guilty not proven innocent in the court of law. If the Officers that are investigated and prosecuting a person of a crime do not fallow the laws of due process from the very beginning to the end the case may be dismissed from court. The negatives of due process are that even a guilty person may be let free if due process laws are not fallowed correctly. Another negative is that due process focuses on the rights as individuals rather than on society as a whole. Prior to the attacks on 09/11/2001, Individuals were protected by the 4th amendment. The fourth amendment protects citizens from unreasonable searches and seizures. Law enforcement needed to have probable cause to gain a search warrant. President Bush passed the patriot act, allowing law enforcement the right to search or seize telephones, computers, medical information or financial records on any person who is suspected of terrorism. With the Patriot act probable cause is no longer needed if a person is suspected of terrorism. The Due process of Law was created to protect the rights of those accused of committing a crime. Some of these laws date to 100 years ago and some are new laws that were developed as a result of historical court cases. Cases such as, the fourth amendment, this protects all individuals from illegal search and seizures (Mapp v. Ohio, 1961) Our fifth amendment protects individuals from self-incrimination, (Miranda v.  Arizona, 1966) And the sixth amendment protects us from being interrogated without a counsel present (Escobedo v. Illinois, 1964) Law as a living body is constantly changing and will continue to grow with the change in times. We are still protected as citizens with the changes in society. Our rights as well as the rights of others will continue to be a priority in law enforcement. Law enforcement is meant to protect society from crime, not to cause it by not valuing the rights of citizens. As society changes, the laws will too.

Book Report How And Smell A Rat The Five Signs Of...

Book Report: How to Smell a Rat—the Five Signs of Financial Fraud Biography of the Author—Kenneth L. Fisher According to his Wikipedia page, Kenneth L. Fisher is the founder, chairman, and CEO of Fisher Investments. Fisher Investments is an investment firm located in California and Washington. In addition to contributing to Forbes magazine monthly, he also writes other investment-themed articles for various other media. Specializing in the field of behavioral finance, Fisher has written eleven books (four of which were New York Times bestsellers) and various research papers. Other interesting facts about the author, Kenneth L. fisher, include: †¢ 2014 member of Forbes 400 –list of 400 richest people in the US. †¢ 2010 member of Investment Advisor’s â€Å"30 for 30†Ã¢â‚¬â€a list of the 30 most influential investment advisors in the past 30 years. †¢ In 2014, his reported net worth was $2.7 billion †¢ Fisher Investments currently manages $68 billion in assets †¢ Appointed to the Board of Advisors of the Forbes School of Business at Ashford University in 2015 (Wikipedia 2015). Summary of How to Smell a Rat Fisher’s book is a cautionary tale of Ponzi schemes and investment scams. He lays down a simple and smart plan for future investors. His plan details questions to ask, red flags, and practical situations that future investors may face. His book details five very important rules to follow when hiring an investment manager. 1. Never co-mingle investment funds 2. If it sounds tooShow MoreRelatedLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesDowden This book Logical Reasoning by Bradley H. Dowden is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. That is, you are free to share, copy, distribute, store, and transmit all or any part of the work under the following conditions: (1) Attribution You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author, namely by citing his name, the book title, and the relevant page numbers (but not in any way that suggests that the book Logical ReasoningRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesSuzanne Duda Lead Media Project Manager: Denise Vaughn Full-Service Project Management: Sharon Anderson/BookMasters, Inc. Composition: Integra Software Services Printer/Binder: Edwards Brothers Cover Printer: Coral Graphics Text Font: 10/12 Weidemann-Book Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2011, 2007, 2005, 2002, 1998 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, OneRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 PagesEDITOR George Hoffman Lise Johnson Carissa Doshi Dorothy Sinclair Matt Winslow Amy Scholz Carly DeCandia Alana Filipovich Jeof Vita Arthur Medina Allison Morris This book was set in 10/12 New Caledonia by Aptara ®, Inc. and printed and bound by Courier/Westford. The cover was printed by Courier/Westford. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright  © 2009, 2006, 2004, 2001, 1998, 1995, 1992, 1989, 1986, 1981, 1976 John Wiley Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publicationRead MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pages1904 Ganot published an English, Ibo and French dictionary, based on the Onitsha dialect, and in 1907 Zappa published a French-Igbo dictionary based on a Western Igbo dialect. Northcote W. Thomas devoted four of the six volumes of his Anthropological report on the Ibo-speaking peoples of Nigeria to language, three of them being essentially lexicographic. Part II (1913) consists of an English-Ibo and Ibo-English dictionary, based on the Awka and Onitï€ ¬sha dialects. It has a rather complex and non-phonemicRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOne Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those design ations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Robbins, Stephen P. Organizational behavior / Stephen P. Robbins, Timothy A. Judge